Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
Studio album by The Beatles
Released	1 June 1967
Recorded	6 December 1966 – 21 April 1967, EMI and Regent Sound studios, London
Genre	Rock
Length	39:42
Label	Parlophone
Producer	George Martin
Professional reviews
Allmusic link Blender link Robert Christgau (A) link Crawdaddy! Issue 1.11 1967 Pitchfork Media (10.0/10.0) 2009 Q link Rolling Stone [1]
The Beatles chronology
Revolver (1966) Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967) Magical Mystery Tour (1967)

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is the eighth studio album by the English rock band The Beatles, released in June 1967. Recorded over a 129-day period beginning in December 1966, Sgt. Pepper sees the band exploring further the experimentation of their previous album, Revolver (1966). Making use of orchestras, hired musicians and innovative production techniques, the album incorporates elements of genres such as music hall, jazz, rock and roll, western classical and traditional Indian music. Its lyrics deal with several themes including childhood, aging, everyday routine and life in postwar Britain, the tone ranging from cheerful and ironic to transcendent and surreal. Sgt. Pepper is a loose concept album that sees the Beatles performing as the fictitious band of the album's title. The cover art, depicting the band posing in front of a collage of famous individuals, has itself been widely acclaimed and imitated.

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was a worldwide critical and commercial success, spending a total of 27 weeks at the top of the UK Album Chart and 15 weeks at number one on the American Billboard 200. A defining album in the emerging psychedelic rock style, Sgt. Pepper was critically acclaimed upon release and won four Grammy awards in 1968. Often recognised by critics and publications as one of the most influential albums in the history of rock music, Sgt. Pepper frequently ranks at or near the top of published lists of the greatest albums of all-time. In 2003, the album was placed at number one on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is one of the world's best selling albums, having shipped 32 million copies.^[1]

Background

When Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was being recorded, "Beatlemania" was waning. The Beatles had grown tired of performing live and had stopped touring in August 1966. After one particular concert, while being driven away in the back of a small van, the four of them—including Paul McCartney, who was perhaps the most in favour of continuing to tour—decided that it was enough.^[2] From that point on, the Beatles became an entirely studio-based band. For the first time in their careers, the band had more than ample time with which to prepare their next record. As EMI's premier act and the world's most successful rock group they had almost unlimited access to Abbey Road Studios. All four band members had already developed a preference for long, late night sessions, although they were still extremely efficient and highly disciplined in their studio habits.

George Harrison, the lead guitarist of the Beatles, travelled to India to continue to develop his sitar playing at the invitation of Ravi Shankar. Harrison brought back with him Indian culture and music.^[3]

Recording for the album began in late 1966 and early 1967 with two songs, "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Penny Lane". When Beatles manager Brian Epstein decided that a new single was needed,^[4] the two songs were issued as a double-A-sided single in February 1967.^[5] In keeping with the group's usual practice, the single tracks were not included on the LP (a decision George Martin states he now regrets).^[4] They were released only as a single in the UK at the time, but were included as part of the American LP version of Magical Mystery Tour (which was issued as a six-track double EP in Britain). The Harrison composition "Only a Northern Song" was also recorded during the Pepper sessions but did not see release until January 1969 when the soundtrack album for the animated feature Yellow Submarine was issued.

Concept

With Sgt. Pepper, the Beatles wanted to create a record that could, in effect, tour for them — an idea they had already explored with the promotional film-clips made over the previous years, intended to promote them in the United States when they were not touring there.

McCartney decided that he should create fictitious characters for each band member and record an album that would be a performance by that fictitious band. This "alter-ego group" gave the Beatles the freedom to experiment with songs.^[6]

The Beatles' fame motivated them to grow moustaches and beards and even longer hair, and was an inspiration for the disguise of their flamboyant Sgt. Pepper costumes. McCartney was well known for going out in public in disguise and all four had used aliases for travel bookings and hotel reservations.

The album starts with the title song, which introduces Sgt. Pepper's band itself; this song segues into a sung introduction for bandleader "Billy Shears" (Starr), who performs "With a Little Help from My Friends". A reprise version of the title song was also recorded, and appears on side two of the original album (just prior to the climactic "A Day in the Life"), creating a "book-ending" effect.

However, the Beatles effectively abandoned the concept after recording the first two songs and the reprise. Lennon was unequivocal in stating that the songs he wrote for the album had nothing to do with the Sgt. Pepper concept, and further noted that none of the other songs did either, saying "Every other song could have been on any other album."^[7] Since the other songs on the album are unrelated, one might be tempted to conclude that the album does not express an overarching theme. However, the cohesive structure and careful sequencing of and transitioning between songs on the album, as well as the use of the Sgt. Pepper framing device, have led the album to be widely acknowledged as an early and ground-breaking example of the concept album.

Before beginning work on Sgt. Pepper, the Beatles began work on a series of songs that were to form an album thematically linked to childhood and everyday life.^[8] The first fruits of this exercise, "Penny Lane" and "Strawberry Fields Forever", were released as a double-A single after EMI and Epstein pressured George Martin for a released single.^[9] Once the singles were released the concept was abandoned in favour of Pepper.^[8]

Recording

Since the introduction of magnetic recording tape in 1949, multitrack recording had been developed. By 1967 all of the Sgt. Pepper tracks could be recorded at Abbey Road using mono, stereo and four-track recorders. Although eight-track tape recorders were already available in the US, the first eight-tracks were not operational in commercial studios in London until late 1967, shortly after Sgt. Pepper was released.

Like its predecessors, the recording made extensive use of the technique known as "bouncing down" (also known at that time as a "reduction mix"), in which a number of tracks were recorded across the four tracks of one recorder, which were then mixed and dubbed down onto one track of the master four-track machine. This enabled the Abbey Road engineers to give the Beatles a virtual multi-track studio.^[10]

Magnetic tape had also led to innovative use of instruments and production effects, notably the tape-based keyboard sampler, the Mellotron, effects like flanging and phasing, as well as a greatly improved system for creating "slap back" tape echo. All reverberation on the record was entirely natural from the rooms in which it was recorded.

The Beatles also used new modular effects units like the wah-wah pedal and fuzzbox, which they augmented with their own experimental ideas, such as running voices and instruments through a Leslie speaker. Another important sonic innovation was the direct input (DI) technique, in which guitars could be recorded by plugging them directly into an amplifying circuit in the recording console. While the still often-used technique of recording through an amplifier with a microphone sounds more natural, this setup provided a radically different presence in bass guitar sound versus the old method. But the most frequently used method was to record the bass last, after all the other recording was done, by placing the amplifier in the centre of the studio and placing the microphone two or three feet from the source.

Several then-new production effects feature extensively on the recordings. One of the most important was automatic double tracking (ADT), a system that used tape recorders to create an instant and simultaneous doubling of a sound. Although it had long been recognised that using multitrack tape to record "doubled" lead vocals produced a greatly enhanced sound (especially with weaker singers), it had always been necessary to record such vocal tracks twice, a task which was both tedious and exacting.

ADT was invented especially for the Beatles by EMI engineer Ken Townsend in 1966, mainly at the behest of Lennon, who hated tracking sessions and regularly expressed a desire for a technical solution to the problem. ADT quickly became a near-universal recording practice in popular music. Producer George Martin, having a bit of fun at John Lennon's expense, described the new technique to an inquisitive Lennon as a "double-bifurcated sploshing flange". The anecdote explains one variation of how the term "flanging" came to be for this recording effect.^[11]

Also important was varispeeding, the technique of recording various tracks on a multi-track tape at slightly different tape speeds. The Beatles use this effect extensively on their vocals in this period. The speeding up of vocals became a widespread technique in pop production. The Beatles also used the effect on portions of their backing tracks (as on "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds") to give them a "thicker" and more diffuse sound.

In another innovation, British pressings of the album (in its original LP form that was later released on CD) end in an unusual way, beginning with a 15-kilohertz high-frequency tone (put on the album at Lennon's suggestion and said to be "especially intended to annoy your dog"), followed by an endless loop of laughter and gibberish made by the runout groove looping back into itself. The loop (but not the tone) made its US debut on the 1980 Rarities compilation, titled "Sgt. Pepper Inner Groove". However, it is only featured as a 2-second fragment at the end of side 2 rather than an actual loop in the run out groove. The CD version of Sgt. Pepper's Inner Groove is actually a bit shorter than that one found on the original UK vinyl pressing.

The sound in the loop is also the subject of much controversy, being widely interpreted as some kind of secret message. McCartney later told his biographer Barry Miles that in the summer of 1967 a group of kids came up to him complaining about a lewd message hidden in it when played backwards. He told them, "You're wrong, it's actually just It really couldn't be any other." He took them to his house to play the record backwards to them, and it turned out that the passage sounded very much like "We'll fuck you like Superman". McCartney recounted to Miles that his immediate reaction had been, "Oh my God!"^[4] It has also been interpreted as "Will Paul come back as Superman?", another clue for the Paul is dead urban legend.^[12]

Some tension and discord took place during the recording sessions. One instance involved "She's Leaving Home", when an impatient McCartney, frustrated by Martin's unavailability, hired freelance arranger Mike Leander to arrange the string section — the first of only two occasions during the group's entire career that he worked with another arranger (the other was in connection with some backing orchestration used in the Magical Mystery Tour film [12 October 1967 session; see Lewisohn], which were also arranged by Leander). Harrison also became alienated by McCartney's growing dominance in the studio, particularly when McCartney re-recorded the guitar solos for the album's title track.

The Beatles were present during the mixing of the album in mono and the LP was originally released as such alongside a stereo mix prepared by Abbey Road engineers led by Geoff Emerick; the Beatles themselves did not attend the mixing of the stereo version. (The mono version is now out of print on vinyl, but was re-released on CD as part of the Beatles in Mono box set on 9 September 2009 worldwide)

Music

Sgt. Pepper features elaborate arrangements — for example, the clarinet ensemble on "When I'm Sixty-Four" — and extensive use of studio effects including echo, reverberation and reverse tape effects. Many of these effects were devised in collaboration with producer George Martin and his team of engineers.

By the time the Beatles recorded the album their musical interests had grown from their simple R&B, pop, and rock and roll beginnings to incorporate a variety of new influences. They had become familiar with a wide range of instruments such as the Hammond organ and electric piano; their instrumentation now covered a wider range including strings, brass, woodwind, percussion, and even some exotic instruments such as the sitar. McCartney, although unable to read music, had scored a recent British film The Family Way (see The Family Way soundtrack) with the assistance of producer/arranger George Martin, which earned him a prestigious Ivor Novello award. McCartney came to be greatly influenced by the avant garde composer Karlheinz Stockhausen, whom he wanted to include on the cover.

Another example of the album's unusual production is John Lennon's song "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!", which closes side 1 of the album. The lyrics were adapted almost word for word from an old circus poster which Lennon had bought at an antique shop in Kent the day the Beatles had been filming the promotional clip for Strawberry Fields Forever there. The flowing sound collage that gives the song its distinctive character was created by Martin and his engineers, who collected recordings of calliopes and fairground organs, which were then cut into strips of various lengths, thrown into a box, mixed up and edited together in random order, creating a long loop which was mixed in during final production.

The opening track of side two, "Within You Without You", is unusually long for a 'pop' recording of the day, and features only George Harrison, on vocals, sitar and acoustic guitar, with all other instruments being played by a group of London-based Indian musicians. These deviations from the traditional rock and roll band formula were facilitated by the Beatles' decision not to tour, by their ability to hire top-rate session musicians, and by Harrison's burgeoning interest in India and Indian music, which led him to take lessons from sitar master Ravi Shankar. Harrison's fascination with Indian music is further evidenced by the use of a tambura on several tracks, including "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" as well as "Getting Better".

This album also makes heavy use of keyboard instruments. Grand piano is used on tracks such as "A Day in the Life", along with Lowrey organ on "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds". A harpsichord can be heard on "Fixing a Hole", and a harmonium was played by George Martin on "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite". Electric piano, upright piano, Hammond organ, glockenspiel and Mellotron are all heard on the record.

The thunderous piano chord that dramatically concludes "A Day in the Life", and the album, was produced by assembling three grand pianos in the studio and playing an E chord on each simultaneously. Together on cue Lennon, Starr, McCartney and assistant Mal Evans hammered the keys on the assembled pianos and held the chord. The sound from the pianos was then mixed up with compression and increasing gain on the volume to draw out the sound to maximum sustain.^[13]

Possible drug references

Concerns that lyrics in Sgt. Pepper referred to recreational drug use led to several songs from the album being banned by the BBC and criticised in other quarters.

The album's closing track, "A Day in the Life", includes the phrase "I'd love to turn you on". The BBC banned the song from airplay on the basis of this line, claiming it could "encourage a permissive attitude toward drug-taking". Both Lennon and McCartney denied any drug-related interpretation of the song at the time^[14], although McCartney's later comments in The Beatles Anthology video regarding the writing of the lyric make it clear that the drug reference was indeed deliberate.

The song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" also became the subject of speculation regarding its meaning, as many believed that the words of the chorus were code for LSD. The BBC used this as their basis for banning the song from British radio. Again, John Lennon consistently denied this interpretation of the song, maintaining that the song describes a surreal dreamscape inspired by a picture drawn by his son Julian.^[15] However, during a newspaper interview in 2004, McCartney was quoted as saying:

Album cover

The Grammy Award-winning album packaging was art-directed by Robert Fraser, designed by Peter Blake and Jann Haworth, his wife and artistic partner, and photographed by Michael Cooper. It featured a colourful collage of life-sized cardboard models of famous people on the front of the album cover and lyrics printed on the back cover, the first time this had been done on a British pop LP.^[17] The Beatles themselves, in the guise of the Sgt. Pepper band, were dressed in custom-made military-style outfits made of satin dyed in day-glo colours. The suits were designed by Manuel Cuevas.^[18] Among the insignia on their uniforms are:

• MBE medals on McCartney's and Harrison's jackets. MBEs had been awarded to all four Beatles.
• The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom, on Lennon's right sleeve
• Ontario Provincial Police flash on McCartney's sleeve

Art director Robert Fraser was a prominent London art dealer who ran his own gallery and sponsored exhibitions at the Indica Gallery, through which he had become a close friend of McCartney, and it was at his strong urging that the group abandoned their original cover design, a psychedelic painting by The Fool. The Fool's design for the inner sleeve was, however, used for the first few pressings.

Fraser was one of the leading champions of modern art in Britain in the 1960s and after. He argued strongly that the Fool artwork was not well-executed and that the design would soon be dated. He convinced McCartney to abandon it, and offered to art-direct the cover; it was Fraser's suggestion to use an established fine artist and he introduced the band to a client, noted British "pop" artist Peter Blake, who, in collaboration with his wife, created the famous cover collage, known as "People We Like".

According to Blake, the original concept was to create a scene that showed the Sgt. Pepper band performing in a park; this gradually evolved into its final form, which shows the Beatles, as the Sgt. Pepper band, surrounded by a large group of their heroes, rendered as lifesized cut-out figures. Also included were wax-work figures of the Beatles as they appeared in the early '60s, borrowed from Madame Tussauds.

In keeping with the park concept, the foreground of the scene is a floral display incorporating the word "Beatles" spelt out in flowers. Also present are several affectations from the Beatles' homes including small statues belonging to Lennon and Harrison, a small portable TV set and a trophy. A young delivery boy who provided the flowers for the photo session was allowed to contribute a guitar made of yellow hyacinths. Although it has long been rumoured that some of the plants in the arrangement were cannabis plants, this is untrue.

At the edge of the scene is a Shirley Temple doll wearing a sweater in homage to the Rolling Stones (who would return the tribute by having the Beatles hidden in the cover of their own Their Satanic Majesties Request LP later that year).

The collage depicted more than 70 famous people, including writers, musicians, film stars and (at Harrison's request) a number of Indian gurus. The final grouping included Marlene Dietrich, Carl Gustav Jung, W.C. Fields, Diana Dors, Elvis Presley, James Dean, Bob Dylan, Marilyn Monroe, Aldous Huxley, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Sigmund Freud, Aleister Crowley, Edgar Allan Poe, Karl Marx, Oscar Wilde, William S. Burroughs, Marlon Brando, Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, and controversial comedian Lenny Bruce. Also included was the image of the original Beatles bass player, the late Stuart Sutcliffe. Pete Best said in a later NPR interview that Lennon borrowed family medals from his mother Mona for the shoot, on condition that he did not lose them. Adolf Hitler, Mahatma Gandhi, and Jesus Christ were requested by Lennon, but ultimately they were left out, even though a cutout of Hitler was in fact made.^[5]

The gatefold

A photo also exists of a rejected cardboard printout with a cloth draped over its head; its identity is unknown. Even now, co-creator Jann Haworth regrets that so few women were included.^[19] The entire list of people on the cover can be found at List of images on the cover of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.

The collage created legal worries for EMI's legal department, which had to contact the people who were still living to obtain their permission. Mae West initially refused — famously asking "What would I be doing in a lonely hearts club?" — but she relented after the Beatles sent her a personal letter. Actor Leo Gorcey requested payment for inclusion on the cover, so his image was removed. An image of Mohandas Gandhi was also removed at the request of EMI (it was airbrushed out), who had a branch in India and were fearful that it might cause offence there. Lennon had asked to include images of Jesus Christ and Adolf Hitler, though neither was included through fear of causing offence. Nonetheless a cutout was made of Hitler and can be clearly seen leaning against the wall in pictures of the photographic session. Most of the suggestions for names to be included came from McCartney, Lennon and Harrison, with additional suggestions from Blake and Fraser (Starr demurred and let the others choose). Beatles manager Brian Epstein had serious misgivings, stemming from the scandalous US Butcher Cover controversy the previous year, going so far as to give a note reading "Brown paper bags for Sgt. Pepper" to Nat Weiss as his last wish.

The collage was assembled by Blake and his wife during the last two weeks of March 1967 at the London studio of photographer Michael Cooper, who took the cover shots on 30 March 1967 in a three-hour evening session. The package was a "gatefold" album cover, that is, the album could be opened like a book to reveal a large picture of the Fab Four in costume against a yellow background. The reason for the gate fold was that the Beatles originally planned to fill two LPs for the release. The designs had already been approved and sent to be printed when they realised they would only have enough material for one LP.

Originally, the group had wanted the album to include a package with badges, pencils and other small Sgt. Pepper goodies but this proved far too costly to realise. Instead, the album came with a page of cardboard cut-outs carrying the description:

The inner sleeve

SGT. PEPPER
CUT-OUTS

1. Moustache
2. Picture Card
3. Stripes
4. Badges
5. Stand Up

The special inner sleeve, included in the early pressings of the LP, featured a psychedelic pattern designed by The Fool.

The final bill for the cover was £2,868 5s 3d (equivalent to £38,823 today), a staggering sum for the time. It has been estimated that this was 100 times the average cost for an album cover in those days.^[20]

Release and reception

Upon release, Sgt. Pepper received both popular and critical acclaim. Various reviews appearing in the mainstream press and trade publications throughout June 1967, immediately after the album's release, were generally positive. In The Times prominent critic Kenneth Tynan described Sgt. Pepper as "a decisive moment in the history of Western civilisation". Others including Richard Poirier, and Geoffrey Stokes were similarly expansive in their praise, Stokes noting, "listening to the Sgt. Pepper album one thinks not simply of the history of popular music but the history of this century."

One notable critic who did not like the album was Richard Goldstein, a critic for The New York Times, who wrote, "Like an over-attended child, "Sergeant Pepper" is spoiled. It reeks of horns and harps, harmonica quartets, assorted animal noises, and a 41-piece orchestra", and added that it was an "album of special effects, dazzling but ultimately fraudulent"^[21]. On the other hand, Goldstein called "A Day in the Life" "a deadly earnest excursion in emotive music with a chilling lyric", and that "it stands as one of the most important Lennon-McCartney compositions, and it is a historic Pop event."^[21]

Frank Zappa accused the Beatles of co-opting the flower power aesthetic for monetary gain, saying in a Rolling Stone article that he felt "they were only in it for the money". That criticism later became the title of the Mothers of Invention album (We're Only in It for the Money), which mocked Sgt. Pepper with a similar album cover. Ironically, Paul McCartney has said Sgt. Pepper was influenced by Zappa's 1966 debut album Freak Out!".^[22]

Within days of its release, Jimi Hendrix was performing the title track in concert, first for an audience that included Harrison and McCartney, who were greatly impressed by his unique version of their song and his ability to learn it so quickly^[23]. Also, Australian band The Twilights — who had obtained a copy of the LP from London by air  — wowed audiences in Australia with note-perfect live renditions of the entire album, weeks before it was even released there. (Release of the album in Australia was delayed by the Six Day War between Israel and Egypt. The ship carrying the gatefold covers, printed in Britain by Garrod & Lofthouse, had to take a longer route when the war temporarily closed the Suez Canal.)

The chart performance of the album was even stronger than critical reception. In the UK it debuted at number 8 before the album was even released (on 1 June 1967) and the next week peaked at number 1 where it stayed for 23 consecutive weeks. Then it was knocked off the top for The Sound of Music on the week ending 18 November 1967. Eventually it spent more weeks at the top, including the competitive Christmas week. When the CD edition was released on 1 June 1987, it made number 3. In June 1992, the CD was re-promoted to commemorate its 25th Anniversary, and charted at number 6. In 2007, commemorating 40 years of its release, Sgt. Pepper again re-entered the charts at number 47 in the UK. In all, the album spent a total of 201 weeks on the UK charts. The album won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year, the first rock album to do so, and Best Contemporary Album in 1968. US sales for the album totalled 11 million units, with 30 million worldwide.

The album won Best British Album at the first Brit Awards in 1977.

Planned television film

On 10 February 1967, during the orchestral recording sessions for "A Day in the Life", six cameramen filmed the chaotic events with the purpose of using the footage for a planned but unfinished Sgt. Pepper television special. The TV special was to have been written by Ian Dallas and directed by Keith Green. The shooting schedule included all the songs from the album set to music video style scenes: for example; "Within You Without You" scenes would have been set throughout offices, factories and elevators. There were even production numbers planned involving "meter maids" and "rockers". Although production was cancelled, the "A Day in the Life" footage was edited down with stock footage into a finished clip.^[24] This clip was not released to the public until the John Lennon documentary Imagine: John Lennon was released in 1988. A more complete version was later aired on The Beatles Anthology series.

Track listing

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was the first Beatles album to be released with identical track listings in the United Kingdom and the United States. The American release did not originally contain the side two runout groove and inner groove sound effects that were restored for the worldwide CD issue, released 1 June 1987.

All songs written and composed by Lennon/McCartney except where noted. 

Track list information as per Calkin.^[25]

Personnel

According to Mark Lewisohn^[13] and Alan W. Pollack^[26]

The Beatles

• John Lennon – lead, harmony and background vocals; lead, rhythm and acoustic guitars; Hammond organ and piano; bass guitar; handclaps, harmonica, tape loops, sound effects and kazoo; tambourine and maracas
• Paul McCartney – lead, harmony and background vocals; lead electric and acoustic guitars; bass guitar; piano and Hammond organ; handclaps, vocalisations, tape loops, sound effects and kazoo
• George Harrison – lead, rhythm, acoustic and bass guitars; sitar; lead, harmony and background vocals; tamboura; harmonica and kazoo; handclaps; maracas
• Ringo Starr – drums, congas, tambourine, maracas, handclaps and tubular bells; lead vocals; harmonica and kazoo; final piano E chord

Additional musicians and production

• Neil Aspinall – tamboura and harmonica
• Geoff Emerick – recording and mixing engineer; tape loops and sound effects
• Mal Evans – counting, alarm clock and final piano E chord
• Matthew Deyell – tambourine
• George Martin – producer and mixer; tape loops and sound effects; harpsichord (on "Fixing a Hole"), harmonium, Lowry organ and glockenspiel (on "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!"), Hammond organ (on "With a Little Help from My Friends"), and piano (on "Getting Better" and the solo in "Lovely Rita"); final harmonium chord.
• Session musicians – four French horns on "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", (Neill Sanders, James W. Buck, John Burden, Tony Randall),^[27] arranged and conducted by Martin and McCartney; string section and harp on "She's Leaving Home", arranged by Mike Leander and conducted by Martin; harmonium, tabla, sitar, dilruba, eight violins and four cellos on "Within You, Without You", arranged and conducted by Harrison and Martin; clarinet trio on "When I'm Sixty Four", as arranged and conducted by Martin and McCartney; saxophone sextet on "Good Morning, Good Morning", arranged and conducted by Martin and Lennon; and forty-piece orchestra (strings, brass, woodwinds and percussion) on "A Day in the Life", arranged by Martin, Lennon and McCartney and conducted by Martin and McCartney

Legacy

Sgt. Pepper has been on many lists of the best rock albums,^[28] including Rolling Stone, Bill Shapiro, Alternative Melbourne, Rod Underhill and VH1. In 1987 Rolling Stone named Sgt. Pepper the greatest album of the last twenty years (1967–1987).^[29] In 1997 Sgt. Pepper was named the number 1 greatest album of all time in a 'Music of the Millennium' poll conducted by HMV, Channel 4, The Guardian and Classic FM. In 1998 Q magazine readers placed it at number 7, while in 2003 the TV network VH1 placed it at number 10;^[30] In 2003, the album was ranked number 1 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.^[6] In 2006, the album was chosen by Time Magazine as one of the 100 best albums of all time.^[31] In 2002, Q magazine placed it at number 13 in its list of the 100 Greatest British Albums Ever.^[32] The album was named as one of Classic Rock magazine's "50 Albums That Built Prog Rock".^[33] In 2003, it was one of 50 recordings chosen by the Library of Congress to be added to the National Recording Registry.^[34]

It also has inspired the 1978 feature film, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, as well as a number of tribute albums.^[35]

Celebrating the 40th anniversary of the album release, in 2008 rock pioneer and long-time associate of Ringo Starr, Todd Rundgren headlined a live-performance tour of Sgt. Pepper featuring an all star cast. In the show were Paul McCartney's friend and former-Wings member Denny Laine, former American Idol Bo Bice, Foreigner vocalist Lou Gramm, and Grammy Award winner Christopher Cross.^[36]

The American rock band Cheap Trick performed the entire Sgt. Pepper album live in New York and released the live recording in both CD and DVD formats in September 2009, with all proceeds benefiting prostate cancer research. This recording was engineered by Geoff Emerick, the original engineer for the Sgt. Pepper album. In November 2009, the entire album was made available to download for The Beatles: Rock Band on the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Wii. The game disc already had the album's title track, "With a Little Help from My Friends", "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", "Getting Better", and "Good Morning Good Morning" - the download provides the remaining tracks from the album.

In April 2009, the reggae group Easy Star All-Stars released a dub reggae tribute cover of Sgt. Pepper, Easy Star's Lonely Hearts Dub Band.

In July 2008 the "iconic bass drum skin" used on the front cover sold at auction for €670,000.^[37]

Charts

The album entered the UK Albums Chart on 3 June 1967 and remained there for a total of 201 weeks. In the USA the album stayed in the Billboard 200 chart for 175 weeks.

Awards

Grammy Awards

Nominated for seven Grammy Awards in 1968, it would win four, including Album of the Year, the first rock/pop album to receive the honour.

Grammy Award nominations

Certification

See also

• List of best-selling albums worldwide
• List of best-selling albums in the United States
• Top best-selling albums by UK Chart
• List of Beatles songs

Notes

References

External links

• It Was 40 Years Ago Today..., an April 2007 Parade magazine article
• Recording data and notes on mono/stereo mixes and remixes from the English version of the Beatles Fanclub of Norway
• 40th Anniversary retrospective from The Age

The Beatles The Beatles John Lennon · Paul McCartney · George Harrison · Ringo Starr Stuart Sutcliffe · Pete Best History The Quarrymen · In Hamburg · At The Cavern Club · Decca audition · Beatlemania in the United Kingdom · North American releases · In the United States · In 1966 · More popular than Jesus · The studio years · In Rishikesh · Breakup · Death of John Lennon · Reunions · Anthology · Love (Cirque du Soleil) · The Beatles: Rock Band · Line-ups · Timeline Filmography and Videography A Hard Day's Night · Help! · Magical Mystery Tour · Yellow Submarine · Let It Be · The Beatles: The First U.S. Visit · The Beatles at Shea Stadium · The Compleat Beatles · The Beatles Anthology · All Together Now Live performances 1964 world tour · 1965 European tour · 1965 US tour · 1966 US tour · List of live performances Associated places 34 Montagu Square, Marylebone · Abbey Road · Abbey Road Studios · The Bag O'Nails · Beatlemania Hamburg · Beatles-Platz · Blue Angel · The Casbah Coffee Club · The Cavern Club · Kaiserkeller · Kinfauns · Savile Row · Scotch of St James · Stanley Street · The Star-Club · Strawberry Field · Tittenhurst Park · The Top Ten Club · Wigmore Street · Yellow Submarine sculpture Associated companies Apple Corps · Apple Records · Harrisongs · Lingasong Records · MPL Communications · Northern Songs · Parlophone · Phillips' Sound Recording Services · Seltaeb · Sony/ATV Music Publishing · Startling Music Influence Artists who have covered The Beatles · Beatlemania · British Invasion · Fifth Beatle · Influence on popular culture · Jeff Lynne and The Beatles · Recording technology · The Rutles · Tributes Lists Awards and nominations · Bootlegs · Cover songs · Discography · Instruments · Post-breakup collaborations · Record sales · Recording sessions · Solo albums · Songs · Sgt. Pepper cover Related articles Apple scruffs · Beatle boots · The Beatles (TV series) · The Beatles Anthology (book) · Beatles Day · The Beatles Tapes from the David Wigg Interviews · The Beeb's Lost Beatles Tapes · The Ed Sullivan Show · How I Won the War · In My Life · Lennon/McCartney · Paul is dead Book · Category · Portal · WikiProject People associated with The Beatles Personnel Neil Aspinall · Dave Dexter, Jr. · Geoff Emerick · Mal Evans · Glyn Johns · Bert Kaempfert · Jeff Lynne · Magic Alex · Ken Mansfield · George Martin · Giles Martin · Phil McDonald · Ken Scott · Norman Smith · Phil Spector · Alistair Taylor · Chris Thomas · Ken Townsend Businessmen Peter Bennett · Sid Bernstein · Peter Brown · Lee Eastman · Brian Epstein · Dick James · Allen Klein · Larry Parnes · Allan Williams Musicians Eric Clapton · The Dirty Mac · Donovan · Bob Dylan  · Nicky Hopkins · Johnny Hutchinson · Mick Jagger · Brian Jones · Jim Keltner · David Mason · Tommy Moore · Chas Newby · Jimmie Nicol · Harry Nilsson · Peter and Gordon · Plastic Ono Band · Billy Preston · Ronnie Scott · Ravi Shankar · Tony Sheridan · Rory Storm and the Hurricanes · Andy White Writers Tony Barrow · Ray Connolly · Hunter Davies · Mark Lewisohn · Alan W. Pollack · Bruce Spizer · Derek Taylor Girlfriends / wives Jane Asher · Pattie Boyd · Astrid Kirchherr · Cynthia Lennon · Linda McCartney · Yoko Ono · Francie Schwartz · Maureen Starkey Parents / guardians Mona Best · Alfred Lennon · Julia Lennon · Jim and Mary McCartney · George Smith · Mimi Smith Other Bill Harry · Ken Brown · George Dunning · Horst Fascher · The Fool · Robert Freeman · Bruno Koschmider · Richard Lester · Murray the K · Pete Shotton · Ivan Vaughan · Jürgen Vollmer · Klaus Voormann · Maharishi Mahesh Yogi The Beatles album discography Albums in the core catalogue are marked in bold. Studio albums Please Please Me · With The Beatles · A Hard Day's Night · Beatles for Sale · Help! · Rubber Soul · Revolver · Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band · The Beatles · Yellow Submarine · Abbey Road · Let It Be US albums Introducing... The Beatles · Meet The Beatles! · The Beatles' Second Album · Something New · The Beatles' Story · Beatles '65 · The Early Beatles · Beatles VI · Yesterday and Today · Magical Mystery Tour · Hey Jude Canadian albums Beatlemania! With The Beatles · Twist and Shout · The Beatles' Long Tall Sally Extended plays Twist and Shout · The Beatles' Hits · The Beatles (No. 1) · All My Loving · Souvenir of Their Visit to America · Four by The Beatles · Long Tall Sally · Extracts from the Film A Hard Day's Night · Extracts from the Album A Hard Day's Night · 4-by The Beatles · Beatles for Sale · Beatles for Sale (No. 2) · The Beatles' Million Sellers · Yesterday · Nowhere Man · Magical Mystery Tour Live albums The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl · Live at the BBC Compilations The Beatles' Christmas Album / From Then to You · Past Masters · Anthology (vol. 1 · 2 · 3) Remixes Yellow Submarine Songtrack · Let It Be... Naked · Love Box sets The Beatles Collection · The Beatles: The Collection · The Beatles Box · The Beatles Box Set · The Capitol Albums (vol. 1 · 2) · The Beatles in Mono · The Beatles Stereo Box Set The Beatles compilation discography Bert Kaempfert recordings My Bonnie (w/ Tony Sheridan; GER, 1962) • The Beatles with Tony Sheridan & Guests (1964) • Ain't She Sweet (1964) • The Beatles' First (GER, 1964 / UK, 1967) • In the Beginning (Circa 1960) (1970) • The Early Tapes of The Beatles (1984) • Beatles Bop – Hamburg Days (2001) Hits A Collection of Beatles Oldies (1966) • 1962–1966 (1973) • 1967–1970 (1973) • 20 Greatest Hits (1982) • The Number Ones (1983) • 1 (2000) Themes Rock 'n' Roll Music (1976) • Love Songs (1977) • The Beatles' Ballads (1980) • Reel Music (1982) Non-album tracks Hey Jude (US, 1970 / UK, 1979) • Rarities (UK, 1978) • Rarities (US, 1980) • Past Masters, Volume One (1988) • Past Masters, Volume Two (1988) Alternative versions Yellow Submarine Songtrack (1999) • Let It Be... Naked (2003) Other The Beatles in Italy (ITA, 1965) • The Beatles' Christmas Album (US) / From Then to You (UK) (1970) • Por Siempre Beatles (ARG, 1971) • Love (2006) Unreleased Sessions (due date 1985) Live albums Live! at the Star-Club in Hamburg, Germany; 1962 (1977) • The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl (1977) • First Live Recordings (1979) • Live at the BBC (1994) Anthology Anthology 1 (1995) • Anthology 2 (1996) • Anthology 3 (1996) Boxed sets The Beatles Collection (UK, 1978 / US, 1979) • The Beatles Box (1980) • The Beatles: The Collection (1982) •The Beatles Box Set (1988) • The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 (2004) • The Capitol Albums, Volume 2 (2006) • The Beatles Stereo Box Set (2009) • The Beatles in Mono (2009) The Beatles singles discography UK and US (All Labels) 1963 "Please Please Me" / "Ask Me Why" · "From Me to You" / "Thank You Girl" · "She Loves You" / "I'll Get You" · "I Want to Hold Your Hand" / "This Boy" (UK) - "I Saw Her Standing There" (US) 1964 "Can't Buy Me Love" / "You Can't Do That" · "A Hard Day's Night" / "Things We Said Today" (UK) - "I Should Have Known Better" (US) · "I Feel Fine" / "She's a Woman" 1965 "Ticket to Ride" / "Yes It Is" · "Help!" / "I'm Down" · "We Can Work It Out" / "Day Tripper" 1966 "Paperback Writer" / "Rain" · "Yellow Submarine" / "Eleanor Rigby" 1967 "Penny Lane" / "Strawberry Fields Forever" · "All You Need Is Love" / "Baby, You're a Rich Man" · "Hello, Goodbye" / "I Am the Walrus" 1968 "Lady Madonna" / "The Inner Light" · "Hey Jude" / "Revolution" 1969 "Get Back" / "Don't Let Me Down" · "The Ballad of John and Yoko" / "Old Brown Shoe" · "Something" / "Come Together" 1970 "Let It Be" / "You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)" 1978 "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band/With a Little Help from My Friends" / "A Day in the Life" 1995 "Free as a Bird" / "Christmas Time (Is Here Again)" 1996 "Real Love" / "Baby's in Black" UK only (Parlophone, Apple) 1962 "My Bonnie" / "The Saints" · "Love Me Do" / "P.S. I Love You" 1964 "Ain't She Sweet" / "If You Love Me, Baby" 1976 "Yesterday" / "I Should Have Known Better" · "Back in the U.S.S.R." / "Twist and Shout" US only (Vee-Jay, Swan, Tollie, Capitol, Apple) 1964 "Twist and Shout" / "There's a Place" · "Do You Want to Know a Secret" / "Thank You Girl" · "Love Me Do" / "P.S. I Love You · "Sie Liebt Dich (She Loves You)" / "I'll Get You" · "I'll Cry Instead" / "I'm Happy Just to Dance with You" · "And I Love Her" / "If I Fell" · "Matchbox" / "Slow Down" 1965 "Eight Days a Week" / "I Don't Want to Spoil the Party" · "Yesterday" / "Act Naturally" 1966 "Nowhere Man" / "What Goes On" 1970 "The Long and Winding Road" / "For You Blue" 1976 "Got to Get You into My Life" / "Helter Skelter" · "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" / "Julia" 1982 "The Beatles Movie Medley" / "I'm Happy Just to Dance with You"